If you're selling a car or house in today's sluggish economy, make sure the price is right.
Americans are constantly buying stuff. But most of us don't do a whole lot of selling - which means we don't have much experience at setting prices.
Want to improve your odds of finding a buyer? As you try to unload your car or home, consider these four pricing tricks.
Looking slim. We know $1.99 is barely less than $2. Yet retailers continue to use this trick because there's ample evidence it works.
"When we look at prices, we make judgments in a fraction of a second," says Manoj Thomas, a marketing professor at Cornell University's Johnson Graduate School of Management. "We read from left to right. We anchor our judgment on the first thing we see."
For instance, if you're trying to sell a car that you think is worth $8,000, you might set the price at $7,999. Potential buyers will read the seven first - and have a sense the car is cheaper than it really is.
Alternatively, you might start at $8,222 and then quickly drop the price to $8,111. One study of price comparisons found that, if the left digits are the same, buyers will focus on the right-hand numbers.
At that point, buyers perceive the discount to be larger if those right numbers are declining from, say, two to one rather than from nine to eight. Even though the decline is the same in dollar terms, "people think they're getting a better deal," says one of the study's co-authors, Robin Coulter, a marketing professor at the University of Connecticut.
Stacking up. As buyers check out your car or house, they'll have in mind a price they are willing to pay. The good news: You can influence that price.
"You should list higher than you're willing to accept," says Alan Cooke, a marketing professor at the University of Florida's Warrington College of Business. "If you ask a high price, people use that as information in setting their reference price. But there's also evidence that, if you set a price that is implausibly high, the impact will be less than if you set a price that's more reasonable."
You can also affect the reference price of buyers by, for instance, telling them your car's book value or sharing the price of competing properties in the neighborhood. The caveat: Only pass along this information if the comparisons are in your favor.
Sending messages. Imagine you're selling your house, which you figure might fetch a little less than $600,000. A round number, such as $595,000, will convey quality while a precise number, such as $595,385, will indicate a bargain.
The reason? We associate precise numbers with lower-priced goods. A precise number may also signal that you have given a heap of thought to the price and aren't inclined to negotiate.
Trying to settle on a price for your home? "If it's a new development and you're trying to give the impression of prestige, you would want to go for the round number," says Vicki Morwitz, a marketing professor at New York University's Stern School of Business. "But if you're going for the quick sale and you want to give the impression of a bargain ... go for the precise number."
Cutting prices. In today's housing market, many homeowners are struggling to find a buyer.
Thinking of dropping your asking price? Suppose that, as in the above example, you initially asked $595,385. If you lower the price to, say, $578,495, potential buyers may perceive the price drop as relatively modest.
"You want to make the computation as easy as possible," Thomas says. "If you use digits that make computation difficult, it will lead to a perception of a small difference."
What to do? You might specify the dollar discount or, alternatively, lower the price from $595,385 to maybe $580,385 or $575,385.
By Jonathan Clements
The Wall Street Journal; March 2, 2008
